Oil burner



June 24, 1930. F. l.. HAMMER OIL BURNER Filed May 25, 1927 3 Sheets-Sheet l l l /fl/ v 61H01 nui -f June 24, 1930. F. 1 HAMMER 1,767,659

` OIL BURNER v Filed May 25, 1927 5 Sheets-sheet 2 after ne?,

June24, 1930. F, L. HAMMER 1,767,669

OIL BURNER Filed May 25, 1927 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 IML Patented June 24, 1930 i UNITED. STATESI PATENr OFFICE OIL BURNER Application iled May 23, 1927. Serial No. 193,624.

This invention relates to oil burners, and While the burner shown, which is illustrated and described as a preferred embodiment of my invention, is particularly adapted for use in connectionwith furnaces for heating houses and other buildings, it will be underT stood that theprinciples of my invention f y are not restricted `to this use, but maybe used in the combustion of .liquid or even .'10 powdered fuels for other purposes as well.

A complete oil burner which may be in# stalled as a unit in connection with a furnace must provide for an atomizer to atomize the liquid fuel, a source of compressed air to carry out the atomizing process, means to deliver the air and the' fuel oil to the burner nozzle, and usually a supply of air in addition to the atomizing air to support the comf bustion of the fuel. It is also desirable that `20 'the fuel oil be properly filtered in its passage from the tank, or other source of supply tothe burner, and that itsk lowto the burner be controlled by automatically ac.

ing the oil when the operation ofthe burner is begun, and with protecting devices. for automatically cutting off the ignition when the burner is lighted, for cutting in the ignition if for any reason the flame is extin.

guished, and for stopping the operation of all the mechanism of the hurnerif for any 40 reason the vflame is extinguished and the fuel does not re-ignite. f fr One object of my invention is to provide a unitary oil burner system, the parts of which will be assembled in a compact manner so that the entire unit occupies as little space as possible.

A further object of my invention is to so coordinate all the parts of an oil burner that a compact and eflicient structure results, and

,50 so `that the burner may require a minimum In addition l.

amount of power in operation, be practically nolseless, and have relatively few parts subject to wear.

Another object of my invention is to pro-` vide a unitary'oil burner which may bein? stalled in' connection with a furnace with very little labor and trouble, and at the same time will be eiiicient and economical in oper- A still vfurther object of my invention is to provide an oil burner system with the necessary safe guards so that it may be used with practically no attention on the part of the operator, but, on the other hand, will be substantially automatic in its operation, and at the same time reliable, dependable and economical.

To these'and other ends the invention censlsts in the novel features and combinations of-parts to be hereinafter described and claimed.

In the accompanying' drawings:

Fig. 1 is a top plan View of an oil burner embodying my invention; i

F ig.'2 is a rear elevational view of the same;

Fig. 3 is a side elevational view of the Same;

Fig. 4. is a sectional view taken substantially on line L1---11 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is a view taken on line 5-5 of Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a sectional View on line 6 6 of Fig. 1, showing the solenoid fuel controlling valve;

Fig. 7 is a section on line 7*-7 of Fig. 1,-

showing the diaphragm operated fuel controlling valve; and

Flg. 8 1s a sectional v1ew on lme 8 8` of AFig. 7.

The oil burner which I have selected to illustrate and describe comprises a base 10 which may be a casting of suitable shape. supported upon legs 11, 12,13 and 14, these legs being adjustable in length so that the burner may be supported in proper position 'from a floor or other supporting base.

Upon the base l() is mounted an .electric motor 15, which as shown at 16, may be bolted to the base.

To one side `of the base 10 is bolted' the housing 17 of the pressure fan, which in this instance is arranged to deliver air under six or eight ounces of pressure to the atomizer for the purpose of atomizing the fuel. At the other side of the base is bolted the housing 18 of the volume fan, which will-be described more specifically hereinafter. This housing comprises a relatively large plate secured to the base and a drum 19 within which the fan is mounted, the interior of this drum, as shown in Fig. 4, communicating with the burner housing` 20 within which the burner nozzle is mounted. Suitable supporting flanges 21 extend between the housing 18 and the housing 19.

The motor shaft is adapted to extend from both ends of the motor so that it may carry the volume fan and the pressure fan onits respective ends. In this manner the two fans are operated directly from a single motor without the usual intermediate gearing, so that the bearings of the motor shaft are the only wearing parts in the structure. For this purpose one end 23 of the motor shaftextends into the housing 17 of the pressure fan, and the pressure fan 24 is mounted thereon. The other lend 25 of the motor shaft extends into the housing 19 of the volume fan, and has mounted thereon the fan l rotor 26, as shown in Fig. 4.

The drum 19 of Athe volume fan has an opening 27 on the side toward the motor to provide an air intake for this fan, this opening being controlled by the shutter 28 pivoted to the housing at 29 and operated by the pointer arm 8() to regulate the effective size of the opening 27, so that the required amount of air will be admitted to the fan housing. This fan consists of 'a spider 31 having fan blades mounted between annular rings 32, one of Which is shown, to blow the required amount of air into the nozzle housing20 at low pressure. s

The pressurefan comprises a pair of disks 33 and 34 between which are mounted spiral blades 35, the blades being adapted to take in air at the fan axis through the conduit 3G, shown in dotted lines in Fig. 5, and expel this air at six or `eight ounces pressure from the collecting ring 87. The intake 3G communicates through the conduit 36a. with one end of an air tube 38, the other end of which enters the housing of`the volume fan,'and is provided Witha cup shaped receiver 39 to receive a part of the air delivered b v the volume fan and carry it to the pressure fan. This air, when delivered to the pressure fan, is, therefore, already under a slight amount of pressure, which is stepped up to the rc- .quire-d degree by the pressure fan, and passes .from the mout-h of the collecting ring to the pressure fan delivery tube 40, from which it is carried into the volume fan housingand delivered to the atomizing nozzle through this housing by the tubes 41 and 42, the

' atomizing nozzle being shown at 43. It will G16, filed April 21, 1927, and it is not deemed necessary to make a further vdescription thereof in this application.

i Surrounding the atomizing nozzle is an air deflector 45, also described more particularly in my prior application referred to. This deliector is provided with a number of spirally shaped blades between which the air passes from the volume fan, and by which it is given a whirling or rotating motion serving to spread the atomizing fuel and to thoroughly mix the volume air therewith. 'A sleeve 4G surrounds the deflector, and between-this sleeve and the walls of the housing 20 are spaces 4S and 49 through which an additional quantity of volume air may pass to the flame. In some instances it has been found that better results are obtained by closing off the opening 4S, and in such case the air through the opening 49 tends to deflect the flame downwardly and thus over come its natural tendency to rise'. fiame is thereby kept in a more nearly stavtionary or floating position, so that all of thefuel will be) efficiently consumed substantially at the level of the mouth of the housing 20. Two ignition Aterminals or spark points 50 pass through the defiector 45 between-the vanes thereof, one of which is shownin Fig. 4, the other being directly,

behind the one shown. These spark points are connected by the conductors 51 to the posts 52 and 53 mounted on the housing of the volume fan. From these posts conductors lead to a transformer 54 which steps up the voltage to a sufficient extent to obtain a good spark across the terminals 50 to ignitey the fuel.

The oil enters the burner from the source of supply through the pipe 55, and is passed through a filter 56 from which it. emerges through the pipe 57. A regulating valve 58 is placed in this pipe to regulate the. amount of oil delivered to the burner. Between the pipe 57 and the pipe 59, shown more particularly in Fig. 4, through which the oil -is delivered to the atomizing nozzle 43, are placed two valves to automatically control the oil fed to the burner, so that this feed will not begin until the pressure fan delivers air under the required pressure to eiiciently atomize the fuel, and so that the oil will be shut off when the burner stops. These valves 61 and 62 are shown more especially in Figs. G, 7 and 8 of the drawings.

The valve 61 is arranged to be operated by the pressure of the atomizing air, and the fuel enters the housing 63 of this valve from the pipe 57 through a conduit G4, from which it passes into .the valve chamber in a downward direction to a chamberA 66, `from which it is carried by the pipeV 67 to thel electrically -operated valve 62. Within the valve chamber 65 is a spring-pressed valve 68 cooperating with a valve seat 69, and being urged against its seat by the spring 70 which surrounds the valve stem. Belowthis valve seat within the chamber 65 is a bumper 7l carrying at its lower end a valve 72 coop- @rating with the valve opening 73. This bumper is tinted o r groovedso as'to let the oil pass freely through the chamber 65, the ridges thereof being in substantial contact with the walls of the chamber so that it will be properly guided in its up and down movements. At an intermediate point the bumper is reduced, as shown at 74, to providev shoulders above and below the reduced portion to receive a forked or bifurcated crank arm attachedto a rock-shaft 76. Mounted upon this rock-shaft is a bell-crank lever which carries upon one end 77 a weight 78 which normally acts to turn the rock-shaft 7 6 in a counter-clockwise direction so as to maintain the 'valve 72 in a closedlposition,

and likewise permit, the spring 70 to hold the valve 68 downwardly against its seat. In this manner a double seal is provided to clfectually close the oil channel and prevent Aany oil reaching the burner until the atomizing air has reached the `required pressure. The'other end 80 of the bellscrank lever is provided with a roller or anti-friction device 81, which rests 'against a diaphragmv 82 communicating with ythecollecting ring 37 through the pipe 82a and therefore exposed How of oil into'the chamber 66 and pipe67.

It will be understood that when the current is turned off the pressure created by the pressure fan 24 would not'immediately fall lo zero, and hence, even after the current has been cutoff from the fan motor, the valves 68 and 73 might remain open orpartially open for a certain length of time and permit a continuance of the supply of oil-l to the.

nozzle. Some of this oil might continue to flow after the pressure hadfallen belowthev point where eicient atomization is effected, and it hence would ,not be 'properlyburned It is, therefore,desirable to provide means to cut olf the oil supply immediately that rthe current to the motor is interrupted, so that any oil which remains in the pipes be- 'tween the cut-off and` theburner will be atomized by the pressure air delivered after a the current stops, so that all of thc oil which remains in the delivery tubes. will be efliv .motor so that the solenoid valve will be opened when current is suppliedto the motor and will be closed`when the current is cut off. The oil enters the housing 84 of this valve through the duct 85 from the oil pipe 67, and passes downwardly through'the valve chamber 86. Between the conduit 85 and the valve chamber 86 is arranged a pair of valve chambers 87 and 88 having respectively the valve seats 89 and 90 closed by the ball valves 91 and 92 which rest upon these seats. Within the chamber 86 is an armature 93 carrying a valve 94 at its lower end cooperating with a valve seat 95 through the port of soy which the oil enters the pipe 96 to be delivered to the pipe 59. 'The larmature 93 is lprovided at'its upper end with a bumper 97 designed, when the armature is raised by the energized solenoid, to conta-ct `with the ball valve 92 and move it upwardly from its seat,

this valve in turn contacting with the ball valve 91 and likewise pushing it from its seat to permit the iow of oil into the chamber 86. l

It will be understood that the upward move mentof the armdature likewise carries upwardly the valve 94 so as to permit oil to flow into the tube 96. i

It will be understood that this electrically operated valve will be opened as soon as the "currentvis'turned, on. The oil Awill not, however, immediately begin to flow through this valve, as'it will not be'npermitted to pass through the valve 61 until the pressure behind the diaphragm 82 has been` sufficient to open this valve against the'actio'n ofthe weight 78, so that no oil will be permitted to pass to the burner until air under sufficient pressure is delivered thereto to atomize the fuel. The electrically operated valve is, of course, closed immediately the currentI is shut off from the motor so that 4the supply of oil wi-ll bestopped at once, notwithstanding the fact that the valve 61 only remains open for a short period of time. The result will be, therefore, that any oil flowing to the burner from the pipe 59 after the solenoid valve is closed will be consumed by the continued supply of air to the burner nozzle,

and this arrangement `insures that the supplyof oil'is cut olf before the cutting oil' of the air supply, and asthere will be an abundance .of air to consume'all of the oil permitted to How to the burner, no unburned oil willy 'remain therein. The c pipe 59 is inclined slightly away from the nozzle as shown in Fig. 4, so kthat .the oil willtend to remain in the pipe when the supply is shut off.

A pipe 971 leads through the housing 20A to a point adjacentthe burner nozzle from lll) lit)

air tube 42 from the tube 4:1.

a point 98 in the base, so that if any oil should leak from the valves 61 or 62 and the associatedpipes, it will drop upon the basev and be carried to the burner nozzle -by this pipe.

Adjacent the end of the housing 20, have arranged aprotectostat 99, the detalls-of which it is not necessary to illustrate for the purpose of this application. This lproL tectostat is operated from the radiant heat of the flame of the burning fuel, and will operate to cut ofi" the ignition after the 'fuel is once ignited. Likewise it will turn on the ignition if for any reason the llame goes out.

It is important in oil burners of this character to provide ready access to the parts of the burner which may need to be removed.

for adjustment, cleaning, or other purpose. Tothis end I have provided a removable cover 100 for an opening 101 at the top of the housing 2'0. Likewise a removable cover plate 102 is provided for an opening in the 'delivery end of the housing 19 of the volume fan. By removing these covers the union 103 may be disconnected and likewise the bolt 104 may b e removed to disconnect the The entire burner nozzle may then be removed from kthe housing through the opening 101. This may be very readily accomplished with only a few minutes work, and the nozzle may then be conveniently cleaned or adjusted..

It will be understood that my burner may be installed in connection with a furnace by inserting the nozzle of the housing 20 into the ash door of the fiunace below the grate line, the front of the furnace being represented by the part 105 which rests against the flange 106 on the housing. The burner would ordinarilyrextend into the ash pit as far as the shoulder 106.

Vhile I have shown and described a pref erred embodiment of my invention, it will be understood that it is not to be limited to all the details shown but is capable of modification and variation within the spirit of the invention and Within the scope of the appended claim.

lVhat I claim is In an oil burner, a base, a. burner nozzle connected to the base, a Jhousing within which the nozzle is mounted, an oil line leading to said nozzle comprising a controlling valve mounted on the base, and a pipe leading downwardly from the base to a' point within the housing adjacentthe nozzle and providing means whereby leakage oil may flow by gravity from the base to the nozzle Vto be burned.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set Y my hand this 17th day of May, 1927.

FoRRnsTER L. HAMMER. 

